Babaji
| Frankel Classification | Nurick classification | Ranawat Classification | JOA scale | Chiles et al's modified JOA scale | Benzel et al's modified JOA scale | ASIA score | McCormick classification |
Acute spinal cord injury - Frankel Classification grading system
| Grade A | Complete neurological injury - no motor or sensory function clinically detected below the level of the injury. |
| Grade B | Preserved sensation only - no motor function clinically detected below the level of the injury; sensory function remains below the level of the injurybut may include only partial function (sacral sparing qualifies as preserved sensation). |
| Grade C | Preserved motor non-functional - some motor function observed below the level of the injury, but is of no practical use to the patient. |
| Grade D | Preserved motor function - useful motor function below the level of the injury; patient can move lower limbs and walk with or without aid, but does not have a normal gait or strength in all motor groups. |
| Grade E | Normal motor - no clinically detected abnormality in motor or sensory function with normal sphincter function; abnormal reflexes and subjective sensory abnormalities may be present. |
Nurick's classification system for myelopathy on the basis of gait abnormalities
| Grade | Root signs | Cord involvement | Gait | Employment |
| 0 | Yes | No | Normal | Possible |
| I | Yes | Yes | Normal | Possible |
| II | Yes | Yes | Mild abnormality | Possible |
| III | Yes | Yes | Severe abnormality | Impossible |
| IV | Yes | Yes | Only with assistance | Impossible |
Nurick S. The pathogenesis of spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis. Brain 1972; 95: 87-100
Ranawat Classification of Neurologic Deficit
| Class I | Pain, no neurologic deficit |
| Class II | Subjective weakness, hyperreflexia, dyssthesias |
| Class III | Objective weakness, long tract signs |
| Class IIIA | Class III, ambulatory |
| Class IIIB | Class III, nonambulatory |
Ranawat CS, O'Leary P, Pellicci P, et al. Cervical fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979; 61: 1003-1010
The Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: An objective assessment scale quantitating the severity of the spondylotic myelopathy based on four categories:
Chiles et al's modified version of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale:
Benzel et. al.'s modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale
American Spinal Injury Association score:
cCormick functional classification of intramedullary spinal cord tumours (simplified)
| Grade | Desciption |
| I | Neurologically normal, mild focal deficits, normal gait |
| II | Sensorimotor deficits affecting function, severe pain, gait difficulties, can still walk |
| III | Moderate neurological deficit, reques cane for ambulation, +/- arms affected, +/- imdependent |
| IV | As above + arms affected, usually not independent |
Ref.: George Samandouras. The Neurosurgeon's Handbook. Oxford, 2010. p862